Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Case Synopsis

The management at Atlantic Computer had the problem of formulating a pricing strategy for product bundling. This had to be a unique pricing strategy because they were breaking away from the industry practice which was to offer software tools for free.However in this case, the management had decided against this strategy as the use of the software tool would lead to considerable savings on the part of the customer. Therefore the management believed that if new product marketing and sales did their job right, customers could be persuaded to pay an additional percentage for the PESA software tool.Therefore the center of the problem was clearly to develop the right pricing strategy which would take into consideration the product’s benefits and the current competitive pressures in the market. This was the task given to Jason Jowers, the youngest product manager at Atlantic Computer. The strategy that Jason developed would be tested at the SME trade show. Depending on the test resul ts, the pricing structure could be put into practice.Company overviewAtlantic Computer has a long record of operating in the high-end performance servers market. It had been selling Radia to large enterprise consumer servers for the last thirty years. However the management had shifted the strategic focus to basic servers because of the popularity of the Internet technology.This was the reason that Atlantic Computer was introducing Tronn. The head of the server division believed that customers would no longer consider high performance servers and basic servers as substitutes. Therefore, the market had considerable growth potential in terms of basic servers. Atlantic Computer already had a considerable brand reputation in the market from selling high performance servers and the company would be able to capitalize upon this reputation by selling basic servers.The company also had a reputation for responsive post-sales assistance. This was based on customer relationship management and product differentiation. Therefore, the company had a substantial existing customer list which could be capitalized upon to enter the market for basic servers. In this respect the strategy of product differentiation was being implemented in the form of bundling hardware with software.Product overviewAtlantic Computer had been selling high performance servers for the last 30 years. Now it was entering a new market with basic servers the functionalities of which were expanded by bundling the hardware with the PESA software tool. The industry practice was that software tools were given away for free.However the management at Atlantic Computer had decided against this strategy because the customers would be able to reduce their operating expenses considerably by using the PESA software tool. Basic servers are used to perform simple, repeatable functions while software tools are used to monitor the health of a server or to enhance the performance of the server. Customers in the web-serve r and file sharing applications segment would benefit most from the suggested product bundling

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Compare and Contrast a Doll House and a Streetcar Named Desire

Compare and contrast A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen and A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams. Write a brief essay (of approximately 1000 words) to comment on the two female protagonists’ (Nora Helmer and Blanche Duboi’s) relationship with men. A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen and A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams are two well-known plays that give rise to discussions over male-female relationships in old society. The female protagonists in the plays are women who are dependent on males.However, the female protagonist in A Doll House is able to transcend her status by try to be dependent on herself at the end of the play, whereas the one in A Streetcar Named Desire still continues to depend on men. In this essay, I am going to discuss the relationships with men of the two female protagonists, Nora Helmer and Blanche Dubois. In A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, Nora Helmer is the female protagonist of the play. She is a housewife in the Helmer’s family . She has undergone a transformation throughout the play that she reacts differently to her husband.Nora’s relationship with her husband, Torvald, is important in the development of the plot. In the first scene, Nora appears to be happy and have an affectionate family. Although she tries to defy her husband in some unimportant ways, for example, she lies to her husband about eating macaroons, she still maintains a good relationship with her husband. However, minor incident actually foreshadows the confrontation between her husband and her later when the play continues. As the plot develops, Nora is actually not as simple as other wives that she does not totally obey her husband.The contradiction between Nora’s independent nature and the tyrannical authority of Torvald arouses a climax in the play when Torvald discovered a lie of Nora. The lie shows a big contrast of their relationship before and after the disclosure. Before Torvald discovers the truth behind the decept ion, the relationship between his wife and him seems to be perfect and loving. At the beginning of the play, Nora does not seem to notice her life being manipulated by her husband; she does everything according to her husband’s taste and preference.Meanwhile, she manages to save her husband from poor health condition by breaking the law to borrow debt from Krogstad and repaying it with pocket money from her husband. It is apparent that Nora is very smart and clever to handle difficulties not only for herself but also her husband. But instead of being a capable woman, she chooses to live up to the expectation of her husband, seeming to be isolated from the outside world but to live in the world that her husband and father has set up for her. When it comes to other relationships with men, Nora respects her husband.She refuses to accept Dr Rank’s admiration of her, and she also defends and supports her husband in front of Krogstad. Besides, She practices the dance for him so as to defense her husband’s pride in front of people and not to embarrass him. These are the evidence proving that Nora is like a doll being controlled. She follows what men in her life, her father and Torvald, expect her to do, and this is the way she does to maintain good relationship with them. However, the relationship goes upside down after Torvald’s unveiling of the secret that Nora has been hiding from Torvald whom she borrows money from.At the end of the play, the climatic confrontation between Nora and Torvald shows that Nora realizes the need to live for herself rather than men. She wants to put the marriage to a halt just because she does not want to rely on men anymore by pretending to be someone she is not in order to please her husband. As she determines to be independent, she left her husband and family at the end of the play to show that she will never be related to anyone but herself. This action represents the idea of feminism and arouses the awar eness of woman’s rights. Blanche Dubois in A Streetcar Named Desire, on the other hand, is contrasted with Nora Helmer.When the play begins, she is portrayed to be educated and well-mannered woman. Blanche does not agree with the beastly lifestyle of her sister’s husband, Stanley. She thinks that he is so common and ape-like. This shows that they cannot get along well with each other during Blanche’s staying at their home. When the play develops, Stanley quickly seeks out that Blanche is actually a fallen woman. She lost her husband and her family fortune. She has sexual affairs with some men and addition to alcohol. Therefore, she needs much male admiration to maintain her remaining self-esteem.Besides, she wants to marry a man as a shelter so that she can escape poverty as well as her bad reputation in society. Mitch, therefore, is a chance for Blanche because he likes her very much. However, before they decide to be together, Stanley tells Mitch about Blanche ’s indiscrete sexual behavior in the past. This destroys Blanche’s pursuit of Mitch. After this incident, Blanche even makes up a story about going on vacation with a billionaire. It is obvious to see that Blanche always rely on men in her life, looking for admiration and a shelter for her from the tough reality.So, she always pretends to be someone men like in order to please them rather than being a true self. She even acts in front of men in the way that she does not really feel like that. Unlike Nora, Blanche is pathetic when it comes to relationship with men. While Nora undergoes a transformation from a controlled doll to a strong woman who determines to restart her life again for the better, Blanche continues to rely on men heavily. In the last scene, Blanche is still so willing to be led away by a kind male doctor to asylum just because the doctor is a gentleman.This tells us Blanche’s desperate and total dependence on men. When we compare Nora Helmer and Blanche Dubois, we can see that they are two females of the opposites. Although both of them shows a confrontation between men and themselves, and both of them seem to be manipulated by men, Nora demonstrates a more positive way to challenge with men’s dominance while Blanche shows a pathetic way which can be said a lack of feminism. The comparison of these two female characters stirs up a debate of women’s rights. It also brings us to a higher level of discussion on the tension of the gender roles in society.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Religion and Family in France Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Religion and Family in France - Research Proposal Example The religious background of France has been prominent throughout the Europe and the world and it is a nation which has contributed the world some of the fundamental principles of secularism and religion including the ‘freedom of religion’. A profound analysis of the family structure in France confirms that several social, religious and cultural elements as well as movements have influenced the progress of its culture. The traditional family structure of the French culture, an extended family structure, continued for a long time due, mainly, to the values of the Catholic Church and the rural communities. The French Revolution created a potent space for questioning the customs, laws, emotions, power relations, and gender assumptions that informed family life and it radically redefined the family, its internal dynamics, and its relationship to the state. There has been a vital shift from the traditional family structure to the modern family structure in the French society a nd culture.

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Achievements and Career Goals of Studying Respiratory Care (Therapy) Essay

Achievements and Career Goals of Studying Respiratory Care (Therapy) - Essay Example As an aspiring respiratory therapist in the future, my career goals involve the provision of superior health care and assistance to the patients sufferring from cardiorespiratory illnesses as well as to be a health professional who serve to create a positive difference in the life of each patient. My decision to become a respiratory therapist started when I was working as a certified nursing attendant. I felt the need to care and help my patients more, aside from assisting them with their activities of daily living. I have been working as a certified nursing attendant since April 2008. The relevance of my previous work to the health care field has made me acquire a lot of achievements. As a certified nursing attendant, my daily interaction with patients and physicians has provided extensive knowledge of information and techniques needed to diagnose human disorders.

Understanding the Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Understanding the Concepts - Essay Example However, this has affected customer loyalty and the company’s profits. In order to make profits and offer quality products and services, the company has sought assistance (a better pricing policy) from Prime Pricing Solutions. The development of a detailed pricing policy for Food and Beverage Company or operation comprises of five key stages. These stages include market feasibility study, basic price level and overall percentage gross profit, departmental gross and profit margins, differential profit margins, and other matters such as cover charges, and service charges. The stages will help the company in choosing the best price setting process to establish profitable and sustainable prices for the consumers. In designing the pricing policy for the company, the aforementioned steps will be followed as indicated. The first stage is market feasibility study. Because the company is already established, market feasibility study will not apply. However, there are important things that the company can note from the market feasibility study. First, the feasibility study generates a consumer profile; it describes in detail the consumer’s sex, socioeconomic status, age, nationality among other things. Secon d, it determines the consumer’s average spending power (Kotas, 1999). If the company did not perform a comprehensive market feasibility study, it will be important that it perform it to determine how they are going to price their products and services. It is important to note that the consumer profile has the most detailed and all-pervasive impact on all the food and beverage processes (Kotas, 1999). The second stage is the basic price level and the overall percentage gross profit. Based on the ASP (average spending power) and the consumer profile, the basic price level and the overall percentage of food and beverage gross profits can be determined. Therefore, the company can decide to charge a particular price for the foods and beverages. The

Saturday, July 27, 2019

How Going Public For Facebook Has Affected The Company Research Paper

How Going Public For Facebook Has Affected The Company - Research Paper Example Since that time, it has seen its users numbers grow to over 900 million users who are active. Handset devices are the majorly used by the Facebook subscribers. As typically anticipated, changing a company’s status from a private to a public status happens to be a commemorative period for the commercial entity holder, as well as, the management. The IPO signifies a reward for periods of thriving practices of the Facebook Company and the affirmative reception by the consumers. Nevertheless, the taking of the Facebook Company happened to highlight the significant weaknesses perhaps as an entity that is not geared up to see through the extra burden of finances and consequently lack of control. This is brought about by the initiation into the market of the stock exchange. As is the norm when preparing a company for an IPO issuance, a company cannot put out the information regarding its finances with any prospective investors or present investors through the quiet period. Therefore, investing in the company comes out blindly, a case that could make the investors lose their finances on the takeover supposing the company is overvalued as is the Facebook Company. In the process of making acquisition briefly after the IPO, since the overvaluation result in the unreasonably investors being buoyant, there is bound to be an overpayment. The challenges the Facebook Company has undergone since transforming its status into being a public company have posed numerous challenges to its undertakings. These challenges have consequently had a bearing effect on the company. Introduction The process of acquiring a public status of a trading company dealing in the stock exchange market from a private entity is not a procedure to be assumed lightly. The procedure is rigorous and takes up a lot of the financial resources, the dedication of management and the company’s time. However, the result of transforming into a public entity is significant as it comes along with an inc rease in the finances together with an increase in the level of awareness by the public. In addition, there is also the increase in the requirements of the legal nature and the corporate responsibility. Facebook Company’s intention of having IPO was essentially become traded in the public domain and consequently become bigger. Therefore, the individuals who put up their finances in the company through purchasing of the shares of the company gain a part of ownership of the company for an opportunity to share in the advantages of the company’s upcoming profits. For the owner of the Facebook Company, part of control he encompasses for the company was given up relative to the percentage of the company put up on sale. On top of being answerable to its shareholders, the Facebook Company has been opened to scrutiny by the government and the public. Nonetheless, the anticipation is that the Facebook Company will be able to generate extra capital resources as its capability to do so have been considerably improved. The general net worth of the company which is necessitated by the selling of the company’s stock, results in the company attaining such capabilities. The thriving of the stock of the company as was expected prior to the IPO was that it would play a part in the decreasing of any ratio of the debt versus the income, consequently assisting in the enhancement of the company’s score on its credit. Therefore, supposing the Facebook Company after attaining the public trading company status had successful stock provision, lenders can subsequently is found easily. This is because of the enhanced rating of credit

Friday, July 26, 2019

Club IT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Club IT - Assignment Example For instance, organizations normally make use of a computer based information system known as Decision Support System (DSS) to make quick and valuable business decisions after analysis of data. It is noteworthy that information technology is highly significant for effective operation of every organization and as such, Lisa and Ruben should not relent in their effort to integrate information technology in the operations of Club IT. It is relevant to start by pointing out that despite all the efforts applied in extensive remodeling of the club, Club It will not be in a position to exploit its full potential without embracing information technology. Lisa and Ruben will start the journey towards employing IT in Club IT operations by installing appropriate information system (IS) infrastructure within the organization. The key information system infrastructures include hardware, software, databases, network, procedures, and computer proficient individuals (Rainer and Turban, 2009). Key ha rdware to be acquired by Club IT includes CPUs, monitors, and storage devices, while the software will include application programs that will support the club’s systems. ... By installing effective information system infrastructure, Club IT will stand a better chance of gathering and storing vital information about the clients, which may include favorite drinks, music, or services. Information systems will save Lisa and Ruben a great deal in the sense that they will no longer have to engage in paper work, which is too bulky and tedious. Processing of raw data into finished timely, efficient, and reliable information is supported through information system. For instance, Club IT will find it easy to track sale of drinks from the warehouse and consequently accessing the closing stock at the end of the day without physical count. Lisa and Ruben have several information systems at their disposal to improve the Club’s information technology, data management, and decision-making capabilities. They should start by adopting an integrated inventory system that seeks to harmonize all the operations in the supply chain. However, before adopting the inventory system it is important for Reuben and Lisa to consult inventory system vendors for an advice on various requirements that will adequately meet the needs of the Club. Other key stakeholders to be engaged in the system analysis include sales personnel, storekeepers and their respective executives. An inventory System as a computer system it is developed with a view of managing elementary day-to-day transactions of an organization relating to inventory management starting from the suppliers, warehousing and sales (Kelly, 2010). Club IT is engaged in a number of recurring activities, which include sale of particular type of drinks and movement of stock into and out of the warehouse. It is often very cumbersome to

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Relationships between climate and river flow in the Alps Essay

Relationships between climate and river flow in the Alps - Essay Example annual totals of river flow (discharge) in the Massa, which drains from Grosser Aletschgletscher, measured at Blatten-bei-Naters, for the same months ( x 106 m3 )(C). Annual totals of river flow in the Gornera, which drains from Gornergletscher, measured 0.75 km from the glacier terminus, for the months June through September( x 106 m3 )(D), and annual totals of precipitation (mm) between October (year-1) through May of the given year at Grà ¤chen (E), often called P10-5. Both of the glaciers are in tributary valleys of the upper Rhone basin in Kanton Wallis, Switzerland hence are likely to have had very much the same pattern of climatic events over the 30-year period. Hence, runoff from the two basins is likely to be strongly correlated. The Swiss Alps lie within Switzerland and the north is drained by Inn, Rhine and Rhone rivers, which empty into Black and Mediterranean seas whereas the south is drained by Ticno River, which empties into Adriatic Sea. The pattern for Gornera river flow is uniform over the 30 years period with the highest flow being at around 1993. The flow for river Massa is however not keeps changing at quite big margins over the period. Both rivers however have the highest flow at around the same period, which is in 1993. (5) Calculate the Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient between the two series. [Choose an empty cell on the spreadsheet – say G1 – and clickthere. In the text bar type = and then select CORREL from the drop down menu. Correlation coefficients are usually reported to two decimal places. Format cell number, decimal places 2, enters]. How well are the two series correlated? Are there any periods when the series are not moving in tandem? The Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient shows the correlation between two variables. (6) Summer discharge from glacierised basins is likely to fairly strongly influenced by energy availability for melting snow and ice. Plot the xyscattergrams

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Qualitative Dissertation Study Analysis LOCATE ANY QUALITATIVE Essay

Qualitative Dissertation Study Analysis LOCATE ANY QUALITATIVE DISSERTATION AND SUBMIT WITH ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Twelve female season-ticket holders of university men’s basketball, with no recent attendance at a women’s basketball game, were interviewed using a semi-structured format† (Farrell, 2006, p. 1). The logic behind this selection of interview subjects was simple. If Farrell had analyzed women who do not like sports to determine why they do not watch women’s sports, it would have led to too obvious a conclusion: Women just do not like sports, women or men’s. However, it does seem possible that women who like sports like men’s sports, that there may be something about men’s sports in particular that would attract them in particular, such that talking to either fans of women’s sports or women who watch neither would be relevant as a control. Nonetheless, this choice of interview subject is designed to find people who not only like sports but also like them enough to buy a season-ticket pass to college games. Farrell (2006) pointed to research that identifies four different categories of research interest: characteristics of language, discovery of regularities, discerning meaning, and reflection. She also pointed out that qualitative and quantitative techniques are not strict binaries. For example, one quantitative technique, numerical and statistical analysis, is done on a fundamentally qualitative tool, a survey, by having people rank their beliefs from 1 to 7 or on any other scale. Farrell defined qualitative research, in line with Golafshani (2003), as â€Å"a naturalistic approach that seeks to understand phenomena in context-specific settings, such as a real world setting where the researcher does not attempt to manipulate the phenomenon of interest† (p. 61). Theoretical Background Farrell (2006) used social constructivism and critical theory for her interpretation, noting that many other approaches (positivism, pragmatism, interpretivism, postmodern techniques) are also equally viable. She defined s ocial constructivism thusly: â€Å"Social constructivism asserts that humans construct knowledge using collective social instruments such as language and cultural practices† (p. 62). A social constructivist argument would take it as a given that the category of â€Å"women† is not fixed, so there is no answer for â€Å"Why don’t women like women’s sports?† that has the form â€Å"Because that is what women do† or â€Å"Women are genetically programmed only to like male gladiatorial rituals†. If women do not like women’s sports, it must be a social factor: acculturation, values, the failure of women’s sports to appeal to their values or interests, etc. Farrell (2006) justified her use of critical theory thusly: The study of women in sport is, in essence, a study of gender struggles against male hegemonic values embedded in the construction of sport as a male preserve. Critical theory lends itself well to a more deliberate investigation of the power structures of sport in this study (p. 63). Indeed, critical theory’

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Single Tuned Harmonic Filter Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Single Tuned Harmonic Filter Design - Essay Example Ã' uÃ'•tÐ ¾merÃ'•, Ã'•tÐ °rting with hÐ ¾me Ð °Ã'€Ã'€liÐ °nÃ' eÃ'• tÐ ¾ interfÐ °Ã' ing with Ã' Ã ¾mmuniÃ' Ã °tiÐ ¾n equiÃ'€ment Ð °nd temÃ'€erÐ °ture riÃ'•e in Ð °ll Ã' Ã ¾nneÃ' ted eleÃ' triÃ' Ã °l elementÃ'•. TÐ ¾ mÐ °ke the netwÐ ¾rk mÐ ¾re reliÐ °ble Ð °nd Ã'•eÃ' ure, Ã'•tÐ °ndÐ °rdÃ'• Ð ¾f Ã'€Ð ¾wer quÐ °lity Ð °re Ð °Ã'€Ã'€lied in mÐ °ny diÃ'•tributiÐ ¾n netwÐ ¾rkÃ'•, Ð °nd limitÃ'• Ð °re deÃ'•igned fÐ ¾r tÐ ¾tÐ °l hÐ °rmÐ ¾niÃ'  diÃ'•tÐ ¾rtiÐ ¾n (THD). TherefÐ ¾re, the filterÃ'• Ð °re uÃ'•ed tÐ ¾ Ã' Ã ¾ntrÐ ¾l hÐ °rmÐ ¾niÃ' Ã'• in the netwÐ ¾rk. TÐ ¾ deÃ'•ign Ã'•uÃ' h filterÃ'•, it iÃ'• neÃ' eÃ'•Ã'•Ð °ry tÐ ¾: MinimizÐ °tiÐ ¾n Ð ¾f tÐ ¾tÐ °l Ã' Ã ¾Ã'•tÃ'• Ð ¾f the filter (Ð ¾bjeÃ' tive funÃ' tiÐ ¾n) Ã'•ubjeÃ' t tÐ ¾ Ã' ertÐ °in vÐ °lueÃ'• Ð ¾f filter Ã'€Ð °rÐ °meterÃ'• (Ã' Ã ¾nÃ'•trÐ °intÃ'•) iÃ'• the biggeÃ'•t Ã' hÐ °llenge fÐ ¾r filter deÃ'•ign. Ð n Ð ¾Ã'€timizÐ °tiÐ ¾n Ã'€rÐ ¾Ã' eÃ'•Ã'• Ã' Ã °n be defined Ð °Ã'• Ð ° mÐ °ximizÐ °tiÐ ¾n (Ð ¾r minimizÐ °tiÐ ¾n) Ð ¾f Ð °n Ð ¾bjeÃ' tive funÃ' tiÐ ¾n, f(x), Ã'•ubjeÃ' t tÐ ¾ Ã'•Ð ¾me Ã' Ã ¾nÃ'•trÐ °intÃ'• Ð ¾f the Ã'€rÐ ¾blem, g(x). TheÃ'•e Ã' Ã ¾nÃ'•trÐ °intÃ'• define the feÐ °Ã'•ible regiÐ ¾n, i.e. Ð ° regiÐ ¾n thÐ °t Ã' Ã ¾ntÐ °inÃ'• Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'•Ã'•ible Ã'•Ð ¾lutiÐ ¾nÃ'• Ð ¾f the Ã'€rÐ ¾blem. The Ð ¾bjeÃ' tive funÃ' tiÐ ¾n iÃ'• tÐ ¾ minimize the tÐ ¾tÐ °l Ã' Ã ¾Ã'•t Ð ¾f the filter Ã' Ã °n be fÐ ¾rmulÐ °ted Ð °Ã'•: where F iÃ'• the tÐ ¾tÐ °l filter Ã' Ã ¾Ã'•t; R the filter reÃ'•iÃ'•tÐ °nÃ' e; XÐ ¡ the fundÐ °mentÐ °l frequenÃ' y Ã' Ã °Ã'€Ð °Ã' itive reÐ °Ã' tÐ °nÃ' e; XL the fundÐ °mentÐ °l frequenÃ' y induÃ' tive reÐ °Ã' tÐ °nÃ' e; Q the quÐ °lity fÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾r; X0 the reÃ'•Ð ¾nÐ °nt reÐ °Ã' tÐ °nÃ' e; min Ð °nd mÐ °x: denÐ ¾te the minimum Ð °nd the mÐ °ximum limitÃ'•, reÃ'•Ã'€eÃ' tively. The Ã'€rÐ ¾blem Ð ¾f filter deÃ'•ign iÃ'• Ã'•tÐ °rted frÐ ¾m the limit thÐ °t twÐ ¾ Ð ¾r mÐ ¾re hÐ °rmÐ ¾niÃ'  Ã' Ã ¾mÃ'€Ð ¾nentÃ'• Ð °re generÐ °ted in the vÐ ¾ltÐ °ge Ð °nd Ã' urrent wÐ °veÃ'• due tÐ ¾ the nÐ ¾n-lineÐ °r Ã' hÐ °rÐ °Ã' teriÃ'•tiÃ' Ã'• Ð ¾f the reÃ' tifierÃ'•. The uÃ'•e Ð ¾f Ã' Ã ¾nventiÐ ¾nÐ °l LÐ   teÃ' hnique iÃ'• Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'€ulÐ °r, Ð ¾ne mÐ °y uÃ'•e due tÐ ¾ the Ã'•imÃ'€liÃ' ity Ð ¾f Ã'•yÃ'•tem mÐ ¾deling Ð °nd Ð ¾bjeÃ' tiveÃ'•. The quÐ °lity fÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾r determineÃ'• hÐ ¾w Ã'•hÐ °rÃ'€ly the filter iÃ'• tuned tÐ ¾ the tÐ °rget hÐ °rmÐ ¾niÃ'  Ð ¾rder.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Peirce criticizes the three methods of inquiry Essay Example for Free

Peirce criticizes the three methods of inquiry Essay Peirce criticizes the three methods of inquiry that he sees as pre-scientific as unable to fix belief permanently, only able to allow the person who uses them a temporary degree of certainty. These three methods are: tenacity, authority and apriorism. Tenacity is, essentially, the ability to hold on to a belief with ones will, turning away from anything that might make one doubt the belief. This is an irrational way of fixing belief, and, as anyone can see, very easily leads to error – like Peirce himself said, it compares to an ostrich who burrows his head in the sand. This may fixate belief, but neither does it help survive nor to increase knowledge. But this isnt its only fault: should the â€Å"tenacious† man accidentally realize that others hold opinions, too, and that they vary, he will lose certainty in his belief, and thus, this method of defense will no longer work for him it will not fix his ideas. He must somehow resist the influence of the community, and this method is weak against it. Authority is the temporary solution – it is a method that fixes belief by referencing it to someone who is an authority for the community. Better yet, to follow a group which is designated by the community to decide properly – and the others should be kept dull on the subject so that there is no diversity of opinion that may undermine authority. It is very effective for the survival of a community, and Peirce admits that for most people it is most effective – it fixes individual belief even though the real collective belief changes: it goes through its phases so slowly it is unnoticeable in an individuals life. But this is only as long as these people wish to be intellectual slaves. There are, however, always those who slip through the cracks of such a system. Those who are not important enough to silence but still dare to think – and should they see other cultures (which is unavoidable), they will think otherwise and the system will fail at least in part. However, the solution proposed by these men is still far from perfect – though much closer to the ideal because it relies on intuitive concepts which are far from experience. The axioms of these systems are taken from intuition alone, and thus more a subjective matter, a matter of taste, as Peirce puts it. Thus this, too, becomes a fallacy and degenerates into relativism or elaborately built cloud castles. Besides, subjective opinions and any manner of social reasoning are too easily influenced, and thus not very prone to the fixation of beliefs. It is authority once more, as is well enough shown by the fact that any system of science soon receives an aprioristic method of confirmation from some branch of philosophy. . The fourth method, that of science, however, is closest to the truth – it derives itself from the logic of nature, one and indivisible, unlike the thoughts of men. It is the only method which actually contains notions of right and wrong – as compared to the world and practical results. It is the only thing, in Peirces opinion, which can truly settle opinions between men. It is simply testable by reproducing a similar situation and allowing the experiment to solve the doubt between scientists. In this he agrees with a member of the Vienna circle named Herbert Feigl. He, too, consider science to be the most adequate tool for the perception of reality. Indeed, the only tool really worth using – if, of course, the scientific criteria are followed. The greatest requirement that Feigl makes of science is that of intersubjective testability. This means that any knowledge that is presumed scientific must be principally testable. Any person with the necessary tools and of sufficient intelligence to understand the topic at hand, whichever topic it may be, must be able to repeat any situation out of which knowledge arises and be able to come to the same conclusion. If this is so, then science as a social structure and an effective body of knowledge becomes essentially self-correcting: any new assumption or hypothesis will sooner or later be tested by others and not accepted on word. Empirical experience, once again, is featured as the final judge of whats to come. He accepts that â€Å"true† and â€Å"testable† are not necessarily one and the same, but science as the best method of fixing knowledge can only reach so far as the empirical world and its tests. This method, presented by men of science for men of science, are far from complete – they do not take into account many difficult social situations or reduce them to a mere need to spend more time observing – and yet it is rather effective. Though rather difficult for humanitarian use, it brought the natural sciences to their fruition, and it is the method which has the most credibility in current society.

Philosophical Autobiography Essay Example for Free

Philosophical Autobiography Essay Life is what not it’s cracked up to be. Sure, it sounds like good, but eventually we all encounter despair, failure, suffering, frustration, the being unloving of our own hearts and of those around us, and finally death. Experience tells us even the best aspects of life are ultimately unsatisfying.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Probably the most significant question we can ask ourselves is what the most important thing in life is. The question has far reaching implications in that the answers that we arrive at can determine the course of the rest of our lives. Many would consider money or financial success as the most important factor in life. The high rate of suicide amongst lottery winners would contradict this. Others would search for fame, yet the list of famous people who have committed suicide or died from an overdose of drugs continues to grow. Good health would be high on anyone’s priorities, and the presence of love in ones life is also of major importance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I would propose that wisdom is the most important thing in life. The best definition of wisdom that I have read is â€Å"the best means to achieve the best ends†. Wisdom is needed to achieve the best results in the myriad decisions we all need to make daily in our personal, financial, family, work, community lives. Each one of us has a unique mindset or set of beliefs which are continuously changing and which we use to make decisions, each of which has significant roll on effect on how the rest of our lives turn out. These mindsets are determined by the unique environments we have grown up in, our age, our education and the cumulative impact that each life experience has had on us. Our unique mindset is either working in our favor or working against us in each and every situation that we face. One way that we can test how online our thinking is in a particular situation is to look at the results we achieve as a result of the actions we took. Good results means our governing beliefs were online, bad results means that we need to re-evaluate our beliefs to determine what caused the negative outcome. I would propose that life is very much like a game and that a comparison between the two is very enlightening. In any game, you need to be fit, possess certain skills and have a good knowledge of the rules in order to participate. In life, we need to have a good knowledge of the rules that apply and to use this knowledge continuously in order to assess and make decisions in every situation that we face. The more intensely we play the game of life, the better our knowledge and application of the rules, the better the results we will achieve, much like a football player who is skilled, trains hard and knows the rules. During the course of our lives we progress from being dependent on our parents for food and shelter and emotional support, to being independent as we become young adults. We learn to make decisions for ourselves, and as we see the results of our decisions we get feedback and the resultant experience adds wisdom to subsequent decisions. The next stage is to develop relationships with others, or interdependence, and it is through these relationships that significant personal growth can occur. Many of us however have a low sense of self esteem which holds us back in relating to others. We look at the results we have and are achieving in our lives. If our results are unsatisfactory, we reassess our beliefs and make adjustments to our actions. Additional feedback is our emotions like fear, anger, unhappiness, disappointment etc. Our target is to lead a joy-filled, intense yet balanced life, leading to continually increasing wisdom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, most of us need to unwind and get away from our hectic schedules from school, work, and other things that keep us busy. Like other young adults, they hang out in bars to have some fun but in my case, I rather go to the beach or in the mountains with my family to spend time with them and at the same time to recollect, meditate and appreciate the creation of God. Each place has its own beauty that attracts my attention. I love nature that much. I am thrill and feel excited every time I gaze their natural beauties. These are the places where I can meditate, recollect and reminisce my past or the things I do previously.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I like going to the beach if I want to find enjoyment and fun. I like the beach a lot because the breeze is very fresh. When I am in the beach, I enjoy staying under the heat of the sun while reading my favorite book and the sun makes my skin tan and adorable to look at. I also feel free and at ease. I can wear too my favorite swimwear.   When I am in the beach, it gives me an opportunity to surf and play beach ball games which I cannot do when I am at home and school. I also bury myself under the sand as a sort of relaxation and therapy to my body and when I do that, it gives me a sort of relief. Going to the beach also gives me an opportunity to meet new set of people from different walks of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, going to the mountains is also an interesting thing to do. It is fun and adventure. If I want to be on my own and don’t want to be disturbed by people, I immediately go to the mountains. The air there is as fresh as in the beach but it is not crowded with people. I can only find trees and animals. The chirps of the birds really inspire me and want to live life to the fullest. It makes me realize, too, that though birds live simply, they are happy and contented with their lives. They don’t ask for more but happy of what they have. This is the perfect place for meditation and for adventure. I am free from air and noise pollutions from the city where I live. When I am on the mountains, it gives me an opportunity to sleep early and helps me wake up excitedly the next day to have a brisk walk or climb some mountainous areas. Moreover, as a wide reader, I love to read detective and inspirational books. These would help me develop my critical thinking and analyze why things happen that way. Hence, I also like the works of Shakespeare especially the story of Hamlet. Considered as one of the greatest of Shakespeare’s tragedies, Hamlet is also one of the best-known plays in world literature. It is distinguished to be one of the first of its kind of being peculiarly a â€Å"philosophical play†, in addition to having a variety of metaphysical and psychological theories. Although revenge tragedies already existed during and before its time, Hamlet best exemplifies the genre of Elizabethan revenge. A center of many arguments is the apparent delay of Hamlet’s revenge. Critical discussion of this supposed procrastination has a long history. Goethe thought Hamlet too sensitive, Coleridge and A.W. von Schlegel too intelligent to be capable of action. The early 20th century English critic A.C. Bradley saw him as restrained by melancholia, the 19th century German scholar Herman Ulrici by moral scruples; the Freudians viewed him as too complex-ridden to kill his uncle (â€Å"Hamlet†). This aspect of Hamlet’s behavior is seen either as a flaw or a virtue. The story contains four sons of murdered fathers (Hamlet, Laertes, Fortinbras, and Pyrrhus), but Hamlet differs from the three’s pursuit for revenge. He even goes as far as feigning insanity in order to conceal his real agitation and divert attention from his task of revenge. The subject of revenge, which is one of the focal themes of the play, transcends every genre, for there is a Hamlet in every one of us. As Hamlet in the story suffers pain and grief as a result of the circumstances surrounding his father’s death, the usurping of the throne and by the betrayal he felt from his mother’s remarriage to his father’s brother, Hamlet is then filled with the dilemma of whether to take revenge against the wrongdoer. Suffering and grief as a consequence of injustice and oppression is as old as man’s history. Even during the course of the play, Hamlet’s torment alienates him from all those around him, even though he has a close friend to confide with. Such inner turmoil is only expressed in his soliloquies but unknown to those around him. Certainly, the depth of suffering is known only the most by the one who suffers.   How people variously react to such agonies is showcased in the play’s story. Most often, it is the common desire to act as the three other young men (Laertes, Fortinbras, and Pyrrhus) did pursue their task of vengeance with ruthless single-mindedness. However, Hamlet’s situation is far more complicated. This shows that indeed, vengeance is far from simple. While it seeks to retaliate by inflicting pain for pain, Shakespeare’s Hamlet shows the peril of vengeance. All those who sought revenge died. Hamlet’s loved ones (such as Ophelia), those whom he could have sought solace and comfort, and himself also died. They became victims of Hamlet’s reckless rage as a result of his deflected and unfulfilled desire for retaliation. Revenge therefore, sinks both the offender and the avenger, pulling down along with it the innocent. It is a bearer of destruction. While most revenge plays justifies the avenger by emphasizing him or her as a victim, Hamlet’s character hangs a question above it. At the very core of revenge is bitterness, and is like a ‘rotten apple that spoils the whole bunch’. It has destroyed everything that’s good in Hamlet and made him much more evil than his stepfather. The danger of retaliation is to do greater harm than what was received. No one overcomes evil, with evil. Before bitterness could do its harm, it is best thrown out. Truly, Shakespeare’s Hamlet speaks to every individual in every genre, since ALL of us must pass through a time of making that choice: â€Å"TO BE (bitter) OR NOT TO BE (bitter)? That indeed is a question we all must face.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, I believed that I am a one of a kind person so the saying or quote that would definitely describe me is The Grateful One. The reason I chose this quote is because this is what I perceive myself as and this is what other people think about me too. Not all people are being appreciative and thankful of what they have in life. Some of them would only be grateful when things go smoothly and when they can get the things they want. But through the years and seasoned with testing and circumstances, I have learned that I should be grateful in every way; thus, thanking those people who have helped me shape my character not only those people who brought positive impacts in my life but including those people who have hurt me. It is so irony to be grateful for those people who have hurt me but to some degree, their negative actions toward me make me strong as an individual and learn to depend on God. I have learned, too, that I should not only be thankful during the times when my spirit is uplifted but as well as the time when I am also down because I believe that everything has a purpose why things happen and during those gloomy days of my life, I was able to ponder and see the true beauty of life; thus, showing me who are my true friends are.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, I never let the day pass without being appreciative and thankful to every people I meet. I may not directly say thank you to them but at least I would tell them that I appreciate to be with their presence. But most of all, I will continually be grateful to God for giving me a family and parents who are very supportive and really inculcated that good conduct. Actually, I come from a strong Christian background and my family tells me, consistently, to always acknowledge God and to remember where my blessings come from. I am what I am today because of them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though I am very active with my academic career and civic organizations, I had this experience before that totally teach me a lesson. It teaches me how to listen some advices from others especially from our parents. This is my other side. To let go of someone you dearly love is very painful to do. The pains cause by ending relationship is very unbearable. Some people may find their world tear apart when they realize that their relationship with their partner is not going well. I have had this relationship in the past that truly marks in my heart and in my mind. I do love this person very much despite of his weaknesses and flaws but many people around us do not like the idea of being us together. At first, I try not to give ear to their comments and opinions because of my love for my partner. But in a long run, I decide to call it quits because I find out that my partner is having an affair with other man; take note, it’s a â€Å"man.† It truly hurts me a lot because he exchanges me to a man! It is a big slap my on face. That is the first factor I consider when I break up with him. He is not trustworthy and faithful. I just strongly believe that a woman is meant to be with a man and a man is meant to be with a woman. Though I live in a liberated world but I cannot just take and stand with this kind of idea that is having an affair with same sex. When I break up with him, I feel so much freedom that I never been experiencing when we are still together. I don’t know why I feel that way, but that is how I really feel. I feel like a bird being imprison in a cage for a long time and has the chance to be released. When my friends especially my parents learn about it, they are very happy and relieve. They don’t just like my partner because they can smell something fishy on him. After the break, I feel such joy in my heart and feel more beautiful inside.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, many people think of personality as being made up of observable traits such as shyness, friendliness, and initiative. However, such traits are only the outward expression of various inner conditions and processes such as intelligence, attitudes, interests, and motives. Normal persons develop relatively consistent personalities that are distinguished by certain dominant traits. Persons belonging to the same cultural group—such as a family or nation—have many traits in common. But each person exhibits different traits under different circumstances, and each has unique traits as well as those he or she shares with others. It is also known that personalities develop throughout life, and may even undergo fundamental changes as result of psychotherapy or other treatment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, personality is produced by the interaction of heredity and environment. Inborn qualities affect the individual’s response to the outside world, and the environment influences the way in which inborn capacities develop. However, the precise reasons why one person develops certain personality traits, while other develops other traits, are not known.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What you have known to yourself is not known to others. They only base their judgments on what they see and that is your personality. Basically, the treatment of people on you depends on how you carry yourself, through your composure when you are irritated and how you dressed up yourself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An example of this is how you dress up yourself.   Don’t wear clothes that will give others a reason to criticize and not respect you at all but rather wear clothes that would motivate them to respect you as a person because if you would like to be respected, pay respect first to yourself by wearing clothes decently.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I have observed that people that I meet pay me respect because of the way I dress and talk to them. I have a number of experiences that with regards to how I dress up and gaining respect from others. They find my personality respectable because of how I act and how I carry my clothes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another thing, we cannot deny that there is always prejudice and biases wherever we go. People will treat you nicely or give you special treatment if they find you attractive or appealing but if you are not attractive to their eyes, they will just ignore you as if you do not exist. It usually happens in big and known department stores or any establishment. If you wear flashy clothes and very attractive to look at, the salesperson will entertain you very well and gives you a welcome smile but if you wear just a simple dress and you are not that attractive, there is a tendency that the salesperson will not give you a fair treatment. She/He might think that you cannot afford the stuff they are selling and why does she/he bother entertaining you?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are times too that attractive people are always popular and they are respected because of their good looking appearances. Moreover, many people would be fanatic to them and may imitate their styles. Just like the actresses and actors that we have in the past and at present. Because of their charisma, many people would try to imitate and dream to be like them. But if you only have a plain face, there is always a tendency that people would make fun of you. So we cannot deny that in this world, most people are looking only for the outside appearance and they forgot to look what is in the heart.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Military Career Of Pericles

Military Career Of Pericles Pericles was born into the first generation able to use the new weapon of the popular vote against the old power of family politics. His father, Xanthippus, a typical member of this generation, almost certainly of an old family, began his political career by a dynastic marriage into the controversial family of the Alcmaeonids. His Alcmaeonid mother, Agariste, provided him with relationships of sharply diminishing political value and her family curse, a religious defilement that was occasionally used against him by his enemies. His familys nobility and wealth allowed him to fully pursue his inclination toward education. He learned music from the masters of the time (Damon or Pythocleides could have been his teacher) and he was considered to have been the first politician to attribute great importance to philosophy. Pericles manner of thought and rhetorical charisma may have been in part products of Anaxagoras emphasis on emotional calm in the face of trouble and skepticism about divine phenomena. His proverbial calmness and self-control are also regarded as products of Anaxagoras influence. Before his death, Pericles friends were concentrated around his bed, enumerating his virtues during peace and underscoring his nine war trophies. Pericles lived during the first two and a half years of the Peloponnesian War and, his death was a disaster for Athens, since his successors were inferior to him; they preferred to incite all the bad habits of the rabble and followed an unstable policy, endeavoring to be popular rather than useful. Military career of Pericles Military achievement For more than 20 years Pericles led many expeditions, mainly naval ones. Being always cautious, he never undertook of his own accord a battle involving much uncertainty and peril and he did not accede to the vain impulses of the citizens. Pericles also tried to minimize the advantages of Sparta by rebuilding the walls of Athens. The strategy of rebuilding the walls radically altered the use of force in Greek international relations. During the Peloponnesian War, Pericles initiated a defensive grand strategy whose aim was the exhaustion of the enemy and the preservation of the status quo. The two basic principles of the Periclean Grand Strategy were the rejection of appeasement (in accordance with which he urged the Athenians not to revoke the Megarian Decree) and the avoidance of overextension. Pericles vehement insistence that there should be no diversionary expeditions may well have resulted from the bitter memory of the Egyptian campaign, which he had allegedly supported. The Athe nians remained true to the larger Periclean strategy of seeking to preserve, not expand, the empire, and did not depart from it until the Sicilian Expedition. Critics of Pericles strategy, however, have been just as numerous as its supporters. A common criticism is that Pericles was always a better politician and orator than strategist. Pericles had not worked out a clear strategy for an effective offensive action that could possible force Thebes or Sparta to stop the war. The Periclean strategy on four counts: first that by rejecting minor concessions it brought about war; second, that it was unforeseen by the enemy and hence lacked credibility; third, that it was too feeble to exploit any opportunities; and fourth, that it depended on Pericles for its execution and thus was bound to be abandoned after his death. Pericles expenditure on his military strategy in the Peloponnesian War to be about 2,000 talents annually, and based on this figure concludes that he would only have enoug h money to keep the war going for three years. The strategy was too defensive and would not succeed. The Athenians lost the war only when they dramatically reversed the Periclean grand strategy that explicitly disdained further conquests. The Periclean strategy was not innovative, but could lead to stagnancy in favor of Athens. Peloponnesian war Pericles and the Athenians incited the war, scrambling to implement their belligerent tactics with a sort of arrogance and a love of strife. The reason for the war was Spartas fear of Athenian power and growth. Prelude to the war Pericles was convinced that the war against Sparta, which could not conceal its envy of Athens pre-eminence, was inevitable if not to be welcomed. Therefore he did not hesitate to send troops to Corcyra to reinforce the Corcyraean fleet, which was fighting against Corinth. In 433 BC the enemy fleets confronted each other at the Battle of Sybota and a year later the Athenians fought Corinthian colonists at the Battle of Potidaea; these two events contributed greatly to Corinths lasting hatred of Athens. The Athenians justification was that the Megarians had cultivated the sacred land consecrated to Demeter and had given refuge to runaway slaves, a behavior which the Athenians considered to be impious. Pericles advised the Athenians not to yield to their opponents demands, since they were militarily stronger. Pericles was not prepared to make unilateral concessions. Consequently, Pericles asked the Spartans to offer a quid pro quo. In exchange for retracting the Megarian Decree, the At henians demanded from Sparta to abandon their practice of periodic expulsion of foreigners from their territory (xenelasia) and to recognize the autonomy of its allied cities, a request implying that Spartas hegemony was also ruthless. Another consideration that may well have influenced Pericles stance was the concern that revolts in the empire might spread if Athens showed herself weak. First year of the war This deputation was not allowed to enter Athens, as Pericles had already passed a resolution according to which no Spartan deputation would be welcomed if the Spartans had previously initiated any hostile military actions. The Spartan army was at this time gathered at Corinth, and, citing this as a hostile action, the Athenians refused to admit their emissaries. Pericles also gave his compatriots some advice on their present affairs and reassured them that, if the enemy did not plunder his farms, he would offer his property to the city. In any case, seeing the pillage of their farms, the Athenians were outraged, and they soon began to indirectly express their discontent towards their leader, who many of them considered to have drawn them into the war. Even when in the face of mounting pressure, Pericles did not give in to the demands for immediate action against the enemy or revise his initial strategy. He also avoided convening the ecclesia, fearing that the populace, outraged by th e unopposed ravaging of their farms, might rashly decide to challenge the vaunted Spartan army in the field. While the Spartan army remained in Attica, Pericles sent a fleet of 100 ships to loot the coasts of the Peloponnese and charged the cavalry to guard the ravaged farms close to the walls of the city. When the enemy retired and the pillaging came to an end, Pericles proposed a decree according to which the authorities of the city should put aside 1,000 talents and 100 ships, in case Athens was attacked by naval forces. Last military operations In 430 BC, the army of Sparta looted Attica for a second time, but Pericles was not daunted and refused to revise his initial strategy. Unwilling to engage the Spartan army in battle, he again led a naval expedition to plunder the coasts of the Peloponnese, this time taking 100 Athenian ships with him. According to Plutarch, just before the sailing of the ships an eclipse of the sun frightened the crews, but Pericles used the astronomical knowledge he had acquired from Anaxagoras to calm them. In the summer of the same year an epidemic broke out and devastated the Athenians. The exact identity of the disease is uncertain, and has been the source of much debate. In any case, the citys plight, caused by the epidemic, triggered a new wave of public uproar, and Pericles was forced to defend himself in an emotional final speech. This is considered to be a monumental oration, revealing Pericles virtues but also his bitterness towards his compatriots ingratitude. Temporarily, he managed to tame the peoples resentment and to ride out the storm, but his internal enemies final bid to undermine him came off; they managed to deprive him of the generalship and to fine him at an amount estimated between 15 and 50 talents. Ancient sources mention Cleon, a rising and dynamic protagonist of the Athenian political scene during the war, as the public prosecutor in Pericles trial. Nevertheless, within just a year, in 429 BC, the Athenians not only forgave Pericles but also re-elected him as strategist. He was reinstated in command of the Athenian army and led all its military operations during 429 BC, having once again under his control the levers of power. Samian war The Samian War was one of the last significant military events before the Peloponnesian War. After Thucydides ostracism, Pericles was re-elected yearly to the generalship, the only office he ever officially occupied, although his influence was so great as to make him the de facto ruler of the state. In 440 BC Samos was at war with Miletus over control of Priene, an ancient city of Ionia on the foot-hills of Mycale. Worsted in the war, the Milesians came to Athens to plead their case against the Samians. When the Athenians ordered the two sides to stop fighting and submit the case to arbitration at Athens, the Samians refused. In a naval battle the Athenians led by Pericles and the other nine generals defeated the forces of Samos and imposed on the island an administration pleasing to them. When the Samians revolted against Athenian rule, Pericles compelled the rebels to capitulate after a tough siege of eight months, which resulted in substantial discontent among the Athenian sailors . Pericles then quelled a revolt in Byzantium and, when he returned to Athens, gave a funeral oration to honor the soldiers who died in the expedition. Between 438-436 BC Pericles led Athens fleet in Pontus and established friendly relations with the Greek cities of the region. Personal attacks Pericles and his friends were never immune from attack, as preeminence in democratic Athens was not equivalent to absolute rule. Just before the eruption of the Peloponnesian war, Pericles and two of his closest associates, Phidias and his companion, Aspasia, faced a series of personal and judicial attacks. Pericles enemies also found a false witness against Phidias, named Menon. Phidias suggested himself as a bald old man, and also inserted a very fine likeness of Pericles fighting with an Amazon. Aspasia, who was noted for her ability as a conversationalist and adviser, was accused of corrupting the women of Athens in order to satisfy Pericles perversions. Beyond these initial prosecutions, the ecclesia attacked Pericles himself by asking him to justify his ostensible profligacy with, and maladministration of, public money. Pericles was so afraid of the oncoming trial that he did not let the Athenians yield to the Lacedaemonians. Pericles deliberately brought on the war to protect his political position at home. Thus, at the start of the Peloponnesian War, Athens found itself in the awkward position of entrusting its future to a leader whose pre-eminence had just been seriously shaken for the first time in over a decade. Political career Entering politics In 472 BC, Pericles presented the Persae of Aeschylus at the Greater Dionysia as a liturgy, demonstrating that he was then one of the wealthier men of Athens. Pericles stood first among the Athenians for forty years. If this was so, Pericles must have taken up a position of leadership by the early 460s BC. Throughout these years he endeavored to protect his privacy and tried to present himself as a model for his fellow citizens. For example, he would often avoid banquets, trying to be frugal. In 463 BC Pericles was the leading prosecutor of Cimon, the leader of the conservative faction, who was accused of neglecting Athens vital interests in Macedon. Although Cimon was acquitted, this confrontation proved that Pericles major political opponent was vulnerable. Political leadership Thucydides was asked by Spartas king, Archidamus, whether he or Pericles was the better fighter, Thucydides answered without any hesitation that Pericles was better, because even when he was defeated, he managed to convince the audience that he had won. Athens was in name a democracy but, in fact, governed by its first citizen. Pericles charisma leaded, convinced and, sometimes manipulated. The fining of Pericles, the accusations against Pericles but instead focuses on Pericles integrity. Pericles made the Athenians slothful, garrulous and avaricious, by starting the system of public fees. The people were first led on by him into allotments of public lands, festival-grants, and distributions of fees for public services, thereby falling into bad habits, and becoming luxurious and wanton under the influence of his public measures, instead of frugal and self-sufficing. Pericles was not carried away by the people, but he was the one guiding the people. According to King, by increasing th e power of the people, the Athenians left themselves with no authoritative leader. During the Peloponnesian War, Pericles dependence on popular support to govern was obvious. Leading Athens Final battle with the conservatives In 444 BC, the conservative and the democratic factions confronted each other in a fierce struggle. The ambitious new leader of the conservatives accused Pericles of profligacy, criticizing the way he spent the money for the ongoing building plan. When Pericles, the leader of the democrats, took the floor, he put the conservatives in the shade. Pericles responded resolutely, proposing to reimburse the city for all the expenses from his private property, under the term that he would make the inscriptions of dedication in his own name. In 442 BC, the Athenian public ostracized for 10 years and Pericles was once again the unchallenged suzerain of the Athenian political arena. Athens rule over its alliance Pericles wanted to stabilize Athens dominance over its alliance and to enforce its pre-eminence in Greece. The final steps in the shift to empire may have been triggered by Athens defeat in Egypt, which challenged the citys dominance in the Aegean and led to the revolt of several allies. Either because of a genuine fear for its safety after the defeat in Egypt and the revolts of the allies, or as a pretext to gain control of the Leagues finances, Athens transferred the treasury of the alliance from Delos to Athens in 454-453 BC. It was from the alliances treasury that Pericles drew the funds necessary to enable his ambitious building plan, centered on the Periclean Acropolis, which included the Propylaea, the Parthenon and the golden statue of Athena, sculpted by Pericles friend, Phidias. The utilization of the alliances treasury, initiated and executed by Pericles, is one of the largest embezzlements in human history; this misappropriation financed. Ideas of Pericles on democracy Rise to democratic leadership Pericles immediately succeeded the assassinated Ephialtes as head of the Democratic Party in 461 is an ancient oversimplification; there were other men of considerable weight in Athens in the next 15 years. In 451 or 450 Pericles carried a law confining Athenian citizenship to those of Athenian parentage on both sides. Pericles was merely forging a low-level political weapon for use against Cimon, who had a foreign mother. The upper classes certainly had no prejudice against foreign marriages; the lower classes may well have had more, and, on the whole, it is possible to view Pericles here as championing exclusivist tendencies against immigrants who might break down the fabric of Athenian society. The law provided even the poorest Athenian girl with a dowry in the form of her citizenship. There was never any disposition on the part of Athenians to restrict economic opportunities for foreigners-who served in the fleet, worked on public buildings, and had freedom of trade and investmen t, with the crucial, but normal, exception of land and houses. Restoring Athens preeminence Pericles now embarked on a policy designed to secure Athens cultural and political leadership in Greece. If peace with Persia did not end the alliance, it may have ended the annual tribute paid to that treasury. Whether to regain this tribute, or simply to assert Athenian leadership, Pericles summoned a conference of all Greek states to consider the questions of rebuilding the Greek temples destroyed by the Persians, the payment of sacrifices due to the gods for salvation, and the freedom of the seas. Sparta would not cooperate, but Pericles continued on the narrower basis of the Athenian alliance. Tribute was to continue, and Athens would draw heavily on the reserves of the alliance for a magnificent building program centered on the Acropolis. Pericles argued that the allies were paying for their defense, and, if that was assured, Athens did not have to account for how the money was actually spent. Pericles was attributed a desire to stimulate economic activity and employment in Ath ens, but these motives may be anachronistic and in actuality may not have influenced the voters very much. Conclusion Pericles was the son of Xanthippus and Agariste. Pericles funded and produced Aeschylus entry into the years dramatic competition. In the 460s the Helots rebelled against the Spartans, who asked for help from Athens. In response to Spartas request for help, Athens leader, Cimon, led troops into Sparta. The Spartans sent them back, probably fearing the effects of their democratic ideas. A descendant of democracys founder Cleisthenes, Pericles came to power in about 460. Pericles was elected strategos for the next 29 years. From about 458-56, Pericles had the Long Walls built between Athens and the Piraeus, a peninsula with three harbors about 4.5 miles from Athens. He also had temples and shrines built to other gods to replace those that had been destroyed by the Persians during the wars. The treasury from the Delian alliance funded the building projects. Among the contributions made by Pericles to the Athenian democracy was the payment of magistrates. In 430, the Spartans and their a llies invaded Attica. Pericles was suspended for the office of strategos. He was found guilty of theft and fined 50 talents. Because Athens still needed him, Pericles was then re-instated, he died in the fall of 429, two and a half years after the Peloponnesian War began. His pattern of behaviour before the Peloponnesian War seems to me to accord with a more general pattern of behaviour in relation to foreign policy, but on this occasion he badly misjudged the consequences; of course he could not have foressen that this would be such a long-lasting and damging conflict, but was it really in the interests of Athens to get involved in hostilities with the Spartans in the first place? Threats might be all very well, to gain as good a postions for Athens as possible, especially as the Spartans were none to keen for any war, but surely the aim should have been to manage things through the acceptance of separate spheres of influence. Perhaps Pericles had been just too successful in the past, and this encouraged him to take a step too far. But I dont think one can condemn his bullishness before the Peloponnesian War while uncritically praising similar behaviour earlier. You refer to the idealization of Pericles. Now was at its height at a time when there was a general admiration for empires, and here was an Athenian Empire which, on a smalller scale, one could put alongside the Roman and later empires. As empires fell out of fashion, historians began to take a more nuanced view of Athenian activities in the age of Pericles, and this must have had some effect on how Pericles has been viewed. I dont know how significant a factor this has been in altering evaluations of him, others may be able to say more. à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ §Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ §Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ §

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Kurt Cobain’s Shocking Suicide :: essays research papers

Kurt Cobain’s Shocking Suicide Kurt Cobain was citied in the Seattle area with a shotgun. Days later on the fifth of April, Kurt Cobain went into the small room above his garage in his Seattle home and ended it all. Fans across the world were stunned by the news of Kurt Cobain’s sudden and shocking suicide. Kurt was the leader of the multiplatinum grunge band Nirvana, and was widely hailed as the â€Å" John Lennon of his generation.† He was a gifted song writer and erratic performer. However, Cobain's name was presented at times with disillusionment and unhappiness. Kurt had spoken, written lyrics, and even sung in his songs about suicide. Yet, one question could almost be echoed around the world – Why?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cobain' s fans struggled with the huge loss of their â€Å" poet of pain.† It was as though they had lost a close friend. They felt that Kurt was an artist who could read their minds, knew their problems, and spoke their language. No one seemed to understand why at the height of his popularity a twenty-seven year old rock sat would put a twenty-two gauge shotgun in his mouth and pull the trigger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The media attacked the incident. Every type of media from MTV to the entire local Newspapers spoke something of Kurt Cobain’s suicide. Some blamed the suicide on his unhappy childhood and how he was a Ritalin child. While others blamed it on his drug addiction that he had spent all of his young life trying to relieve himself from. But why the reasoning for the unpredictable suicide, Cobain left behind millions of fans asking why he’s gone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why? Most people who commit suicide do so for personal reasons, such as despair, fears of the future, fears of failure or of not being loved. Society plays a huge part in a lot of suicides. As society becomes more complex a person’s stress level rises which follows loneliness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Following the initial shock came the inevitable soul searching for those closets to him- what more should or could we have done? Cobain left behind a fairly new family. He had recently married Courtney Love, the leader of the grunge band Hole, in 1992. Later in 1993 they conceived a baby girl together, Frances Bean which was about two years old at the time of Kurt’s death. Some say that Courtney did not grieve but there is no way possible that she didn’t, because of the fact that they reached stardom together as Kurt Cobain’s Shocking Suicide :: essays research papers Kurt Cobain’s Shocking Suicide Kurt Cobain was citied in the Seattle area with a shotgun. Days later on the fifth of April, Kurt Cobain went into the small room above his garage in his Seattle home and ended it all. Fans across the world were stunned by the news of Kurt Cobain’s sudden and shocking suicide. Kurt was the leader of the multiplatinum grunge band Nirvana, and was widely hailed as the â€Å" John Lennon of his generation.† He was a gifted song writer and erratic performer. However, Cobain's name was presented at times with disillusionment and unhappiness. Kurt had spoken, written lyrics, and even sung in his songs about suicide. Yet, one question could almost be echoed around the world – Why?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cobain' s fans struggled with the huge loss of their â€Å" poet of pain.† It was as though they had lost a close friend. They felt that Kurt was an artist who could read their minds, knew their problems, and spoke their language. No one seemed to understand why at the height of his popularity a twenty-seven year old rock sat would put a twenty-two gauge shotgun in his mouth and pull the trigger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The media attacked the incident. Every type of media from MTV to the entire local Newspapers spoke something of Kurt Cobain’s suicide. Some blamed the suicide on his unhappy childhood and how he was a Ritalin child. While others blamed it on his drug addiction that he had spent all of his young life trying to relieve himself from. But why the reasoning for the unpredictable suicide, Cobain left behind millions of fans asking why he’s gone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why? Most people who commit suicide do so for personal reasons, such as despair, fears of the future, fears of failure or of not being loved. Society plays a huge part in a lot of suicides. As society becomes more complex a person’s stress level rises which follows loneliness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Following the initial shock came the inevitable soul searching for those closets to him- what more should or could we have done? Cobain left behind a fairly new family. He had recently married Courtney Love, the leader of the grunge band Hole, in 1992. Later in 1993 they conceived a baby girl together, Frances Bean which was about two years old at the time of Kurt’s death. Some say that Courtney did not grieve but there is no way possible that she didn’t, because of the fact that they reached stardom together as

Mastering The Short Story :: essays research papers

Mastering The Short Story Although I perceive Paul Darcy Boles to be an uppity, egotistic, and somewhat euphorically rambling old man from his style of writing, there is some beneficial information for someone wishing to create a commercially viable short story. However, I feel that creating a story with the goal of marketability is a grave mistake that ruins countless numbers of otherwise perfectly enjoyable works of literature. It is no surprise that this style of writing is being taught to the new generation, which promises to be far more creative than it's predecessors. Boles' first advice is to follow Chekhov's observation: "The art of writing is the art of abbreviation." A story of 3000 words or less has no need for excessive 1 paragraph descriptions. "Today's reader" (whoever that is) has no need for the descriptive style found in older works. So much for Alistair MacLeod. A lot of importance is put on not stringing random sentences together. Each sentence should be aimed towards a specific goal. The sum total of these sentences is your story. Boles' views a sentence as a factor in a mathematical equation. He also gets almost romantic about the sentence as a living, sentient being. Once you shovel the pop-lit drivel where it belongs, you are free to apply his suggestions to your own work. It is a good idea to check your story for too much obvious meaning. Not only will this make the story shorter and clearer, the hidden meanings imbedded in the story will have a chance to be probed and discovered. As well, avoid "signpost" sentences that could easily be replaced by more legitimate conversations or actions. A lot of emphasis is put on simulating a sense of "in-ness"; that is, giving your work a believable lived in feeling. When reading the story, one should have a clear picture of the environment around it's characters, and it is of imperial importance that it is realistic. In conclusion, Boles discusses the important of a strong beginning and

Friday, July 19, 2019

Principle or Personal? Essay -- American History, Joseph MacCarthy

During the Cold War, members of the United States government, army, and even citizens were accused by Senator Joseph McCarthy of being Communist and Soviet spies and sympathizers. These trials persisted through the fifties until Senator McCarthy was excoriated by Congress. Similarly, during the seventeenth century, many inhabitants of Salem, Massachusetts were accused of witchcraft, with a total of nineteen hangings during what came to be called the Salem Witch Trials. These trials were conducted in a similar fashion as Senator McCarthy’s hearings, and many of these accusations were not fought because the circumstances of the time made these claims possible. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible sheds new light on the mysterious Salem Witch Trials and why so many of the small community were hanged. Though some Salemites believed the Devil had come to Salem, Miller’s The Crucible depicts the witch trials as motivated by personal interests of greed, jealousy, and pride. To cover their own personal want, some men of Salem, such as Mr. Putnam and Dr. Walcott, accuse men and women of witchcraft in an attempt to buy their land or receive some compensation once the land-holder is convicted. Mr. Putnam, a key example of the greed in Salem, first demonstrates his when Proctor says that he needs to leave Parris’ house to move wood in Act One. When Proctor tells Putnam that Proctor is dragging wood from the forest by the riverside, Putnam responds, â€Å"Why, we are surely gone wild this year. What anarchy is this? That tract is in my bounds, it’s in my bounds, Mr. Proctor† (30). This response prepares the audience for Act Three, for Putnam would later manipulate the judges caught up in the witchcraft craze to accuse a key land holder in an attempt to a... ...g to other villages, just as an actual crucible would do with glass heated to extreme temperatures. Despite this, mass hysteria has still occurred throughout the history of the United States, from the Senator McCarthy’s Communist trials of the seventies to even modern day, with many Americans drawing suspicions from stereotypes of terrorists. Though today’s suspicions often do not end in hangings, leading figures in society continue to exploit human nature’s emotions to get what these men desire. These influential men are motivated as the men of Salem were; greed drove them to acquire more; jealousy, for revenge; pride, for the sake of being right. Even if these influential men say they act out of principle versus personal reasons, such as those described previously, the opportunities for these men to exploit the people in a state panic will surely not go unused.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Encourage Contact Between Students And Faculty Education Essay

In the universe, an country that has seen much investing is education. Knowledge or instruction was considered the â€Å" 3rd oculus † of adult male which gives him an penetration into all personal businesss. So many people from different age group spend a batch of their clip, money and attempts in prosecuting instruction in assorted establishments of larning. Old ages spent in primary, secondary schools, colleges and universities are about have a life-time in this instance, hence returns from such an investing should be high plenty to justify such attempt. Education is an investing to development, and hapless survey methods should non compromise the authorization of higher instruction establishment to bring forth, continue and circulate cognition and bring forth high quality alumnuss. Universities admit pupils with changing backgrounds in footings of learning/study manners, degrees of readiness and constructs of university instruction. Some were â€Å" drilled † , taug ht for tests, or have incorrect purpose / values of university acquisition. These negatively have impact on their survey accomplishments and accomplishment. In complementing the function played by academic staffs, pupils need to be witting of their survey personality and survey moralss as they influence analyzing. It is ineffectual to learn good while pupils lack the basicss to gestate and internalise the new cognition. Many times, college pupils have non had to pull off their clip expeditiously prior to college because they are bright and seldom challenged in high school. So some pupils who had ‘A ‘s and ‘B ‘s start receiving auxiliary tests and score C ‘s and D ‘s in college. Harmonizing to the National Commission on Excellence in Education ( 1984 ) , many pupils are unsuccessful in school because they lack effectual survey accomplishments. To counter this, the committee recommends that survey accomplishments be introduced to pupils really early in the schooling procedure and go on throughout a pupil ‘s educational calling. In a now authoritative survey of survey accomplishments, ( Entwistle, 1960 ) reported that pupils who voluntarily took a survey accomplishments class were more successful academically than similar pupils who did non voluntarily take the class. ( butcofsky, 1971 ) reported that pupils who have trouble in college often have unequal survey wonts that affect their academic accomplishment. A cardinal job, he noted, was that many of these pupils had non learned how to take effectual notes and manage clip for analyzing. To achieve an effectual survey in higher instruction we sometimes need guidelines and have to follow some certain regulations. We need to hold contact with pupils in our categories and module, as pupils and module members ; we have spent most of our school lives seeking to understand ourselves, and our establishments. And have conducted a small research on higher instruction with dedicate d pupils in a broad scope of schools. We draw the deductions of this study, trusting to assist us all do better, as we emphasizes clip on undertaking, respect diverse endowments and ways of acquisition, promote active acquisition, communicate high outlooks and several of them. But the ways different establishments implement good pattern depends really much on their pupils and their fortunes. In what follows, we describe several different attacks to good pattern that have been used in different sorts of scenes in the last few old ages.2.0 ECOURAGE CONTACT BETWEEN STUDENTS AND FACULTYFrequent student-faculty contact in and out of categories is the most of import factor in pupil motive and engagement. Faculty concern helps pupils get through unsmooth times and maintain on working. Knowing a few module members good enhances pupils ‘ rational committedness and encourages them to believe about their ain values and future programs. Forming seminars for freshers on of import subjects and these subjects will be taught by senior module members, this helps in set uping an early connexion between the fresh and senior pupils and the module in many colleges and universities. Faculty members who lead treatment groups in classs outside their Fieldss of specialisation theoretical account for pupils what it means to be a scholar. ( Arthur & A ; Zelda, 1987 ) In the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, three out of four undergraduates have joined three-fourthss of the module as junior research co-workers in recent old ages. At Sinclair Community College, pupils in the â€Å" College without Walls † plan have pursued surveies through larning contracts. Each pupil has created a â€Å" resource group, ‘ which includes a module member, a pupil equal, and two â€Å" community resource † module members. This group so provides support and assures quality3. 0 DEVELOPS RECIPROCITY AND COOPERATION AMONG STUDENTSLearning is enhanced when it is more like a squad attempt than a solo race. Good acquisition, like good work, is collaborative and societal, non competitory and stray. Working with others frequently increases engagement in larning. Sharing one ‘s ain thoughts and reacting to others ‘ reactions sharpens believing and deepens understanding. Even in big talk categories, pupils can larn from one another. Learning groups are a common pattern, in which five to seven pupils run into on a regular basis during category throughout the term to work out jobs set by the teacher. Many colleges use peer coachs for pupils who need particular aid. Learning communities are another popular manner of acquiring pupils to work together. Students involved in Learning Communities can take several classs together. The classs, on subjects related to a common subject like scientific discipline, engineering, and human values, are from different subjects. Faculties learning the classs coordinate their activities while another module member, called a â€Å" maestro scholar: ‘ takes the classs with the pupils. Under the way of the maestro scholar, pupils run a seminar which helps them incorporate thoughts from the separate classs.4.0 MotivationAcademic success or failure can bring forth the feelings of competency or incompetency in pupils. These feelings can impact pupils ‘ public presentations by their willingness to go on to larn or give up. ( Haynes, 1993 ) â€Å" It is believed that pupils who have high accomplishment outlooks attribute success to internal and external causes † . There are several schemes that can be used to actuate pupils to larn. ( Tonjes & A ; Zintz, 1981 ) ( 1 ) â€Å" Identify pupil ‘s involvements and taking stuffs that meet the involvements, abilities, and attitudes of the pupils † . Teachers should be able to place what the pupils are interested in so they can assist them take actuate them on geting that involvement. ( 2 ) Give clear aims of the lessons and assignments. ( 3 ) ( Mutsotso & A ; Abenga, 2010 ) â€Å" Allow pupils to take the undertaking and stuffs to finish the undertaking † .5.0 COMMUNICATE HIGH EXPECTATIONExpect more and you will acquire more. High outlooks are of import for everyone, for the ill prepared, for those unwilling to exercise themselves, and for the bright and well-motivated. Expecting pupils to execute good becomes a self-fulfilling prognostication when instructors and establishments hold high outlooks of them and do excess attempts. E.g. ( Arthur & A ; Zelda, 1987 ) in many colleges and universities, pupils with hapless yesteryear records or trial tonss do extraordinary work. Sometimes they outperform pupils with good readying. The University of Wisconsin-Parkside has communicated high outlooks for underprepared high school pupils by conveying them to the university for workshops in academic topics, survey accomplishments, trial pickings, and clip direction. In order to reenforce high outlooks, the plan involves parents and high school counsellors6.0 ACADEMIC INVOLVEMENTDefined as a composite of self-reported traits and behaviours ( e.g. , the extent to which pupils work hard at their surveies, the figure of hours they spend analyzing, the grade of involvement in their classs, good survey wonts ) , academic engagement produces an unusual form of effects. Intense academic engagement tends to retard those alterations in personality and behaviour that usually result from college attending. Therefore, pupils who are profoundly involved academically are less likely than mean pupils to demo additions in liberalism, hedonism, artistic involvements, and spiritual renunciation or decreases in concern involvements.7.0 ACTIVE LearningLearning is non a witness athletics. Students do non larn much merely by sitting in categories listening to instructors, memorising prepacked assignments, and ptyalizing out replies. They must speak about what they are larning, write about it, associate it to past experiences and use it to their day-to-day lives. They must do what they learn portion of themselves. Active acquisition is encouraged in categories that use structured exercisings, disputing treatments, squad undertakings, and equal reviews. Active acquisition can besides happen outside the schoolroom. There are 1000s of internships, independent survey, and concerted occupation plans across the state in all sorts of colleges and universities, in all sorts of Fieldss, for all sorts of pupils. Students besides can assist plan and learn classs or parts of classs. At Brown University, module members and pupils have designed new classs on modern-day issues and cosmopolitan subjects ; the pupils so assist the professors as learning helpers. At the State University of New York at Cortland, get downing pupils in a general chemical science lab have worked in little groups to plan lab processs instead than reiterate restructured exercisings. At the University of Michigan ‘s Residential College, squads of pupils sporadically work with module members on a long-run original research undertaking in the societal scientific disciplines.8.0 TIME MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING STRESS( Alexander, 1999 ) College decision makers are invariably preoccupied with the accretion and allotment of financial resources ; the theory of pupil engagement, nevertheless, suggests that the most cherished institutional resource may be student clip. Harmonizing to the theory, the extent to which pupils can accomplish peculiar developmental ends is a direct map of the clip and attempt they devote to activities de signed to bring forth these additions. For illustration, if increased cognition and apprehension of history is an of import end for history big leagues, the extent to which pupils reach this end is a direct map of the clip they spend at such activities as listening to professor ‘s talk about history, reading books about history, and discoursing history with other pupils. By and large, the more clip pupils spend in these activities, the more history they learn. Stress is any state of affairs that evokes negative ideas and feelings in a individual. The same state of affairs is non redolent or nerve-racking for all people, and all people do non see the same negative ideas and feelings when stressed. One theoretical account that is utile in understanding emphasis among pupils is the person-environmental theoretical account. ( Lazarus, 1966 ) Harmonizing to one fluctuation of this theoretical account, nerve-racking events can be appraised by an person as â€Å" disputing † or â€Å" baleful † . When pupils appraise their instruction as a challenge, emphasis can convey them a sense of competency and an increased capacity to larn. When instruction is seen as a menace, nevertheless, emphasis can arouse feelings of weakness and a fateful sense of loss. A critical issue refering emphasis among pupils is its consequence on acquisition. ( The Yerkes-Dodson jurisprudence 1908 ) postulates that persons under low and high emphasis learn the least, and that those under moderate emphasis learn the most. A field survey and research lab trials support the impression that inordinate emphasis is harmful to pupils ‘ public presentation. Mechanisms that explain why pupils perform severely under emphasis include â€Å" hyper watchfulness † ( inordinate watchfulness to a nerve-racking state of affairs ensuing in terror — for illustration, over analyzing for an test ) and â€Å" premature closing † ( rapidly taking a solution to stop a nerve-racking state of affairs, for illustration, hotfooting through an test ) . Students react to Higher Education in a assortment of ways. For some pupils, college or the University is nerve-racking because it is an disconnected alteration from high school. For others, separation from place is a beginning of emphasis. Although some emphasis is necessary for personal growing to happen, the sum of emphasis can overpower a pupil and impact the ability to get by. Time ON TASK Time plus energy peers larning. There is no replacement for clip on undertaking. Learning to utilize one ‘s clip well is critical for pupils and professionals likewise. Students need aid in larning effectual clip direction. Allocating realistic sums of clip agencies effectual larning for pupils and effectual instruction for module. How an establishment defines clip outlooks for pupils, module, decision makers, and other professional staff can set up the footing for high public presentation for all. E.g. ( 1 ) ( Mutsotso & A ; Abenga, 2010 ) larning how to finish assignments on clip will assist pupils succeeds academically. In the â€Å" Dynamics of Effective Study † pupils are taught how to form and pull off clip sagely. Students are taught how to schedule undertakings hebdomadal and monthly to guarantee success. To heighten the academic accomplishment of pupils, a survey accomplishments class was implemented in the course of study to assist pupils achieve the GPA standa rds. Freshmans have enrolled in this class since it was implemented in 1994. This survey will analyze the effectivity of the class, â€Å" Dynamicss of Effective Study, † on the academic accomplishment of freshers at this school. ( 2 ) ( Arthur & A ; Zelda, 1987 ) Mastery acquisition, contract acquisition, and computer-assisted direction require that pupils spend equal sums of clip on larning. Extended periods of readying for college besides give pupils more clip on undertaking. Matteo Ricci College is known for its attempts to steer high school pupils from the 9th class to a B.A. through a course of study taught jointly by module at Seattle Preparatory school and Seattle University. Supplying pupils with chances to incorporate their surveies into the remainder of their lives helps them usage clip good. As pupils in higher instruction, much is expected of us, and at the same clip there are so many distractions that come our manner. We need to be able to get the better of this distractions, know what to make at a peculiar point in clip, cognize when to acquire a school assignment done so that the work burden wo n't be much, and when to go to to other things. And most significantly know when to make these things at the right clip. So for us to be able to accomplish these purposes in due clip we as pupils need to be able to modulate our clip. For Example You may be making a class with faculties, where each one must be completed in a semester. You might sometimes necessitate to get down assessed plants before you ‘ve had all the categories, to finish it on clip you need to be after yourself good You may be making several faculties at one time all with a similar deadline taking to bunching of plants. If you do n't be after for this you might stop up under force per unit area. If you leave it excessively late to look for indispensable resources, they may non be available. Advance planning is every bit indispensable as the resources If you ‘re making paid work while analyzing, you need to suit it all together. So many pupils have domestic duties to suit in with class work, this besides needs planning.THINGS HIGH IN IMPORTANCE, LOW IN URGENCY.( DAVID, 2009 ) For module and alumnus pupils, things that are extremely of import but less pressing tend to include our original research and our personal relationships. Both are evidently of import, and we know that. But the world is that both of these tend non to experience every bit pressing as our duties for a category. For illustration, calculating out how to research the communicating kineticss that propelled a state to travel to war is undeniably of import, yet it merely does n't transport the same sense of immediateness as prepping for a category that occurs tomorrow and so once more two yearss subsequently, for the following eight hebdomads. Similarly, traveling out to dinner with a close friend can ever be put off until another twenty-four hours, right? And that ‘s precisely what happens with things that are of import but non ( as ) urgent — we tend to force them to the side. As a consequence, many of us get the instruction and pupil work done foremost and merely so turn to a focal point on original research or personal clip that nurtures us. If such clip does non happen, and it frequently does n't, so so be it. And that ‘s the hang-up of the affair. We must do certain that we devote clip to things that are extremely of import, but low in urgency. If we do non, the nature of the academy is that extremely of import, extremely pressing undertakings will herd everything else out. When that occurs, burnout ensues. Here are a few stairss that we can take to do certain we give equal precedence to things high in importance and low in urgency: Schedule them.A If you do n't schedule them, they do n't go on. As a module member, I schedule my research clip and personal activities, to do certain they happen. Otherwise they wo n't. Make different things on different yearss of the week.A I have found that I am best when concentrating on one primary type of work undertaking a twenty-four hours. That is, if I teach on Tuesday so I likely wo n't be much good as a research worker that twenty-four hours. For me, Mondays and Fridays tend to be yearss that I spend making chiefly research and commission work. Believe that you will really be a better instructor and pupil when you do take clip to plunge yourself in what is extremely of import, but non ( as ) urgent.A I ‘m wholly convinced that when I prioritize occasional pockets of personal clip I enrich my instruction and research because my head and energy are renewed.9.0 DecisionHow much a pupil achieves is in portion dependant on the survey methods that he/she applies. There is no 1 survey method that works better for all individuals. The secret lies in being able to place personal survey methods that work for each person in given environments, conditions and fortunes. This requires cognizing oneself in order to do good determinations about how to analyze and do clip, every bit good as know the assorted schemes that can be applied.